What Macros Does Your Dog Really Need?
When we think about nutrition, we often hear terms like “macros,” short for macronutrients — protein, fat, and carbohydrates. These are the building blocks of any diet, and just like us, dogs rely on them for energy, growth, and overall health. But not all macros are created equal — and not all dogs need the same balance.
Whether you're feeding kibble, raw, cooked, or a mix, understanding what macronutrients your dog actually needs can help prevent long-term health issues, improve behavior, and even extend their lifespan. Let’s break it down.
What Are Macronutrients for Dogs?
Macronutrients are nutrients required in large amounts that provide the energy (calories) and components for building tissue and supporting bodily functions. For dogs, there are three primary macronutrients:
Protein – for muscle development, immune function, and enzyme production.
Fat – for energy, skin and coat health, hormone regulation.
Carbohydrates – for quick energy and dietary fiber (though not essential).
Protein: The Most Important Macro for Dogs
Dogs are facultative carnivores, which means they thrive on animal protein but can digest a variety of foods. Protein should be the foundation of your dog’s diet.
Why Protein Matters:
Repairs and builds muscle and tissue
Supports immune health
Powers enzymes and hormones
Keeps your dog feeling full and focused
Sources:
High quality: beef, chicken, turkey, lamb, eggs, fish, organ meats
Plant proteins (less ideal): soy, peas, lentils – often used in cheaper kibble
Trainer’s Tip: Behavior issues often link back to poor diet. A dog that’s underfed on protein may become irritable, sluggish, or overly food-driven. Protein isn’t just physical — it affects the brain too.
Recommended Protein Range:
Adult dogs: 18–25% (dry matter basis)
Working or athletic dogs: 25–35%
Puppies: 22–32%
Fat: Energy and More
Fat is not the enemy — in fact, it’s the most concentrated energy source in your dog’s diet. Dogs handle fat better than humans do, and many working or active breeds need more fat than you might expect.
Why Fat Matters:
Provides sustained energy
Essential for vitamin absorption (A, D, E, K)
Maintains skin and coat health
Helps regulate inflammation
Sources:
Good fats: chicken fat, fish oil (omega-3), beef fat, egg yolks
Avoid: rancid fats, excess plant oils, or “animal fat” with no clear source
Recommended Fat Range:
Adult dogs: 10–20%
Active dogs or those in cold climates: 20–30%
Puppies: 15–25%
Fun Fact: Sled dogs in Alaska can consume over 50% of their diet from fat during races!
Carbohydrates: Necessary or Not?
Dogs do not require carbohydrates to survive — but they can use them for energy. Many commercial diets include carbs as a cheap filler, which can lead to weight gain and blood sugar issues.
Why Carbs Can Be Useful:
Provide quick energy (for sport or agility dogs)
Contain fiber for digestion
May help balance a homemade diet
Sources:
Better choices: sweet potato, pumpkin, oats, brown rice
Low-value: corn, wheat, white rice, pea starch, soy flour
Recommended Carb Range:
Low activity/overweight dogs: <20%
Moderate activity: 20–30%
High performance dogs: 30–40%
Warning: Too many carbs can lead to inflammation, behavioral issues, and obesity — especially in sedentary dogs.
The Role of Quality
The source of a macronutrient matters just as much as the percentage. Cheap kibble may hit protein targets using plant fillers or low-grade byproducts. That doesn't mean your dog is getting the nutrition they need.
Look for animal-first ingredients, balanced fat sources, and limited carbs — or work with a nutritionist if feeding raw or home-cooked.
If you feed kibble or canned food, remember: the guaranteed analysis is based on "as-fed" moisture. For accurate macro comparisons, use the dry matter basis or consult a canine nutritionist.
Final Thoughts
Feeding your dog the right macronutrient balance is just as important as training, exercise, and structure. A dog that’s underfed, improperly fueled, or bouncing off sugar from carb-heavy food is much harder to train and live with. Nutrition is behavior — and the right balance of protein, fat, and carbs can make the difference between chaos and calm.